Principles and Practice of Automatic Process Control Second Edition By Carlos A. Smith, Ph.D., P.E. and Carlos A. Smith, Ph.D., P.E.

 Principles and Practice of Automatic Process Control Second Edition By Carlos A. Smith, Ph.D., P.E. and Carlos A. Smith, Ph.D., P.E.

Preface

This edition is a major revision and expansion to the first edition. Several new subjectshave been added, notably the z-transform analysis and discrete controllers, and several other subjects have been reorganized and expanded. The objective of the book, however, remains the same as in the first edition, “to present the practice of automatic process control along with the fundamental principles of control theory.” A significant number of applications resulting from our practice as part-time consultants have also been added to this edition. Twelve years have passed since the first edition was published, and even though the principles are still very much the same, the “tools” to implement the controls strategies have certainly advanced. The use of computer-based instrumentation and control systems is the norm. Chapters 1 and 2 present the definitions of terms and mathematical tools used in process control. In this edition Chapter 2 stresses the determination of the quantitative characteristics of the dynamic response, settling time, frequency of oscillation, and damping ratio, and de emphasizes the exact determination of the analytical response. In this way the students can analyze the response of a dynamic system without having to carry out the time-consuming evaluation of the coefficients in the partial fraction expansion. Typical responses of first-, second-, and higher-order systems are now pre sented in Chapter 2. The derivation of process dynamic models from basic principles is the subject ofChapters 3 and 4. As compared to the first edition, the discussion of  process modellinghas been expanded. The discussion, meaning, and significance of process nonlinearities has been expanded as well. Several numerical examples are presented to aid in the understanding of this important process characteristic. Chapter 4 concludes with a pre sentation of integrating, inverse-response, and open-loop unstable processes. Chapter 5 presents the design and characteristics of the basic components of a controlsystem: sensors and transmitters, control valves, and feedback controllers. The presentation of control valves and feedback controllers has been expanded. Chapter 5 should be studied together with Appendix C where practical operating principles of some common sensors, transmitters, and control valves are presented. The design and tuning of feedback controllers are the subjects of Chapters 6 and 7. Chapter 6 presents the analysis of the stability of feedback control loops. In this edition we stress the direct substitution method for determining both the ultimate gain and period of the loop. Routh’s test is deemphasized, but still presented in a separate section. In keeping with the spirit of Chapter 2, the examples and problems deal with the de termination of the characteristics of the response of the closed loop, not with the exactanalytical response of the loop. Chapter 7 keeps the same tried-and-true tuning methods from the first edition. A new section on tuning controllers for integrating processes, and a discussion of the Internal Model Control (IMC) tuning rules, have been added. Chapter 8 presents the root locus technique, and Chapter 9 presents the frequency response techniques. These techniques are principally used to study the stability of control systems.

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