Download Power Converters and AC Electrical Drives with Linear Neural Networks by Maurizio Cirrincione, Marcello Pucci and Gianpaolo Vitale
Contents of Power Converters and AC Electrical Drives
1. Review of Basic Concepts: Space-Vector Analysis
Part I Power Converters
1. Pulsewidth Modulation of Voltage Source Inverters
2. Power Quality
Part II Electrical Drives
1. Dynamic and Steady-State Models of the Induction Machine
2. Control Techniques of Induction Machine Drives
3. Sensorless Control of Induction Machine Drives
4. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives
Part III Neural-Based Orthogonal Regression
1. Neural-Based Orthogonal Regression
Part IV Selected Applications
1. Least-Squares and Neural Identification of Electrical Machines
2. Neural-Enhanced Single-Phase DG Systems with APF Capability
3. Neural Sensorless Control of AC Drives
Preface of Power Converters and AC Electrical Drives
A.recent trend for the development of.these disciplines is.the.application.of.artificial intelligence. (AI). tools,. such. as. expert systems. (ES),. artificial neural networks. (ANN),. fuzzy logic systems.(FLS),.genetic algorithms.(GA),.and,.more.recently,.multi-agent systems.(MAS)..These. tools.have.been.proven.to.be.able.to.boost.the.performance.of.these.systems.in.real-world. and.industrial.applications.thanks.to.features.such.as.“learning,”.“self-organization,”.and. “self-adaptation.”With.particular.regard.to.ANNs.for.nonlinear.function.approximation,.in.power.electronics.and.electr cal.drives.applications,.they.are.used.for.control.and.identification,.such. as.the.multilayer.perceptron.(MLP).or.the.radial.basis.function.(RBF)..Another.kind.of. neuron.that.has.also.been.applied.recently.is.linear.neurons.(ADALINE),.whose.simplicity. has.given.surprisingly.good.results. On. the. other. hand,. the. detailed. unified. mathematical. treatment. of. space-vectors. has. made. it. possible. to. embed. the. theory. of. linear. neural. networks,. resulting improvements,.both.theoretical.and.experimental,.of.classical.approaches.in.electrical.drives.and. power.electronics..This.standpoint.is.the.goal.of.the.book:.to.present.in.a.systematic.way.
the.classical.theory.based.on.space-vectors.in.identification,.control.of.electrical.drives.and.
of.power.converters,.and.the.improvements.that.can.be.attained.when.using.linear.neural.
networks.
With.this.outlook,.this.book.is.divided.into.four.parts:
•. Part.I.deals.specifically.with.voltage.source.inverters.(VSI).and.their.control.
•. Part.II.deals.with.AC.electrical.drive.control,.with.particular.attention.to.induction.
and.permanent.magnet.synchronous.motor.drives.
•. Part.III.deals.with.theoretical.aspects.of.linear.neural.networks.
•. Part. IV. deals. with. specific. applications. of. linear. neural. networks. to. electrical.
drives.and.power.quality.
Outline of the Book
Chapter.1.presents.the.theory.of.space-vectors.and.instantaneous.power..This.chapter.is.
fundamental.for.understanding.the.rest.of.the.book.
Chapter.2.describes.the.open-loop.and.closed-loop.control.of.voltage.source.inverters..
With.regard.to.open-loop.techniques.it.also.explains.the.different.kinds.of.pulsewidth.
modulation.(PWM).strategies,.and.with.regard.to.closed-loop.techniques.it.analyzes.both.
current.and.power.control.of.VSIs..Voltage-oriented.control.(VOC).and.direct.power.control.(DPC).are.also.presented..Chapter.3.explains.the.fundamentals.of.power.quality;.parallel.active.filters.(PAFs).and.series.active.filters.(SAFs),.with.reference.to.their.operating.
principle.and.control.strategies,.are.investigated..Passive.and.hybrid.filter.configurations.
are.also.analyzed.
Chapter.4.deals.with.induction.machine.(IM).static.and.dynamic.space-vector.models..
The.dynamic.model.of.the.IM,.including.saturation.effects,.is.shown..Finally,.the.spacevector.dynamic.model.of.the.IM,.including.rotor.and.stator.slotting.effects,.is.described..
Chapter.5.describes,.first,.scalar.control.strategies.of.IM.drives.with.impressed.voltages.
and. currents.. It. then. derives. field-oriented. control. (FOC). strategies,. with. reference. to.
rotor,. stator,. and. magnetizing. flux. linkage. orientations.. Related. flux. models. are. also.
presented.. Finally,. direct. torque. control. (DTC). strategies. are. presented,. particularly.
the.classic.switching.table.(ST).DTC,.the.space-vector.modulation.(SVM).DTC,.and.the.
electromagnetically. compatible. (DTC).. The. so-called. direct. self-control. (DSC). is. also.
described..Chapter.6.covers.sensorless.control.of.IM.drives,.with.particular.reference.to.
both.model-based.and.anisotropy-based.techniques..With.regard.to.model-based.techniques,.the.following.estimators/observers.are.described:.open-loop.speed.estimators,.
model. reference. adaptive. systems. (MRAS),. full-order. Luenberger. adaptive. observer.
(FOLO),.full-order.sliding-mode.observer,.reduced-order.adaptive.observer.(ROO),.and,.
finally,.the.extended.Kalman.filter..With.reference.to.anisotropy-based.techniques,.the.
following.methodologies.have.been.described:.revolving.Carrier.techniques,.pulsating.
carrier.techniques,.and.high-frequency.excitation.techniques..Chapter.7.derives.the.permanent. magnet. synchronous. motor. space-vector. model.. Field-oriented. control. (FOC).
with. both. impressed. voltage. and. currents. is. described.. Various. control. strategies. are.
presented. to. maximize. the. electromagnetic. torque. production. or. the. drive. efficiency..
The.DTC.of.the.PMSM.is.also.presented..Finally,.both.anisotropy-.and.model-based.sensorless.techniques.are.explained.
Chapter.8.deals.with.the.theory.of.linear.neural.networks,.particularly.the.neural.EXIN.
family..Starting.from.the.adaptive.linear.neuron.(ADALINE).structure,.it.presents.more.
recent.and.performing.linear.neural.networks:.the.TLS.EXIN.neuron,.the.Ge-TLS.EXIN.
neuron,.the.MCA.EXIN.neuron,.and,.finally,.the.MCA.EXIN.+.neuron.
Chapter.9.covers,.first,.the.sensitivity.analysis.of.the.classic.flux.models.of.IM.drives.
versus.parameter.variations..It.then.presents.some.on-line.parameter.estimation.techniques. of. IMs. by. the. least-squares. (LS). technique,. including. both. unconstrained. and.
constrained.estimations..Finally,.it.shows.the.neural.self-.commissioning.of.IM.drives..
Chapter.10.deals.with.the.application.of.neural.adaptive.filtering.to.distributed.generation.(DG).and.active.power.filter.(APF).systems..The.ADALINE.design.criteria.for.the.
fundamental.frequency.extraction.and.the.harmonic.load.current.compensation.are.presented..The.stability.issues.of.the.entire.system.are.included..Experimental.verification. of.the.neural.approach.is.presented.in.comparison.with.classic.approaches..Chapter.11.
presents.some.applications.of.LS-based.techniques.to.speed.estimation.of.IMs..In.partic
ular,.the.following.neural-based.observers.are.presented.and.discussed:.the.MCA.EXIN.
+.MRAS.observer,.the.TLS.EXIN.full-order.Luenberger.adaptive.observer,.and,.finally,.
the.reduced.order.adaptive.observer..The.general.approach.of.this.book.is.presenting.ini
tially.the.theoretical.background.of.each.subject.immediately.followed.by.a.set.of.simu
lations.of.experimental.results.supporting.the.analytical.part..It.is.the.authors’.opinion.
that.the.presence.of.many.results.should.help.the.reader.in.understanding.better.the.
treated.theoretical.aspects.
How to Use This Book
This. book. can. be. used. in. different. ways,. depending. on. the. background. of. the. reader..
Instructors.for.undergraduate.students.can.use.Chapters.1,.2,.4,.5,.and.7.for.a.one-semester.
course.in.power.electronics.and.electrical.drives..Postgraduate.and.PhD.students.could.
also.cover.Chapters.3.and.6..Researchers.involved.in.applications.of.ANNs.to.power.elec
tronics.and.drives.would.find.it.more.interesting.to.go.through.Chapters.9.through.11..
Theoreticians.will.find.a.comprehensive.coverage.of.linear.neural.networks.in.Chapter.8..
Figure.P.1.suggests.different.paths.for.reading.this.book.
Chapter.1.should.be.read.first,.since.it.provides.the.basic.tools..The.power.electronics.path.
consists.of.Chapters.2,.3,.and.10..The.IM.drives.path.includes.Chapters.4.through.6.and 11.
(electrical.machine.approach).or,.alternatively,.Chapters.2,.5,.6,.and.11.(power.converter.
approach)..The.PMSM.drives.path.includes.Chapters.2.and.7.(or.directly.Chapter 7)..The.
IM.identification.path.includes.Chapters.4.and.9..Finally,.the.ANN.path.includes.Chapters.
8.through.11.
the.classical.theory.based.on.space-vectors.in.identification,.control.of.electrical.drives.and.
of.power.converters,.and.the.improvements.that.can.be.attained.when.using.linear.neural.
networks.
With.this.outlook,.this.book.is.divided.into.four.parts:
•. Part.I.deals.specifically.with.voltage.source.inverters.(VSI).and.their.control.
•. Part.II.deals.with.AC.electrical.drive.control,.with.particular.attention.to.induction.
and.permanent.magnet.synchronous.motor.drives.
•. Part.III.deals.with.theoretical.aspects.of.linear.neural.networks.
•. Part. IV. deals. with. specific. applications. of. linear. neural. networks. to. electrical.
drives.and.power.quality.
Outline of the Book
Chapter.1.presents.the.theory.of.space-vectors.and.instantaneous.power..This.chapter.is.
fundamental.for.understanding.the.rest.of.the.book.
Chapter.2.describes.the.open-loop.and.closed-loop.control.of.voltage.source.inverters..
With.regard.to.open-loop.techniques.it.also.explains.the.different.kinds.of.pulsewidth.
modulation.(PWM).strategies,.and.with.regard.to.closed-loop.techniques.it.analyzes.both.
current.and.power.control.of.VSIs..Voltage-oriented.control.(VOC).and.direct.power.control.(DPC).are.also.presented..Chapter.3.explains.the.fundamentals.of.power.quality;.parallel.active.filters.(PAFs).and.series.active.filters.(SAFs),.with.reference.to.their.operating.
principle.and.control.strategies,.are.investigated..Passive.and.hybrid.filter.configurations.
are.also.analyzed.
Chapter.4.deals.with.induction.machine.(IM).static.and.dynamic.space-vector.models..
The.dynamic.model.of.the.IM,.including.saturation.effects,.is.shown..Finally,.the.spacevector.dynamic.model.of.the.IM,.including.rotor.and.stator.slotting.effects,.is.described..
Chapter.5.describes,.first,.scalar.control.strategies.of.IM.drives.with.impressed.voltages.
and. currents.. It. then. derives. field-oriented. control. (FOC). strategies,. with. reference. to.
rotor,. stator,. and. magnetizing. flux. linkage. orientations.. Related. flux. models. are. also.
presented.. Finally,. direct. torque. control. (DTC). strategies. are. presented,. particularly.
the.classic.switching.table.(ST).DTC,.the.space-vector.modulation.(SVM).DTC,.and.the.
electromagnetically. compatible. (DTC).. The. so-called. direct. self-control. (DSC). is. also.
described..Chapter.6.covers.sensorless.control.of.IM.drives,.with.particular.reference.to.
both.model-based.and.anisotropy-based.techniques..With.regard.to.model-based.techniques,.the.following.estimators/observers.are.described:.open-loop.speed.estimators,.
model. reference. adaptive. systems. (MRAS),. full-order. Luenberger. adaptive. observer.
(FOLO),.full-order.sliding-mode.observer,.reduced-order.adaptive.observer.(ROO),.and,.
finally,.the.extended.Kalman.filter..With.reference.to.anisotropy-based.techniques,.the.
following.methodologies.have.been.described:.revolving.Carrier.techniques,.pulsating.
carrier.techniques,.and.high-frequency.excitation.techniques..Chapter.7.derives.the.permanent. magnet. synchronous. motor. space-vector. model.. Field-oriented. control. (FOC).
with. both. impressed. voltage. and. currents. is. described.. Various. control. strategies. are.
presented. to. maximize. the. electromagnetic. torque. production. or. the. drive. efficiency..
The.DTC.of.the.PMSM.is.also.presented..Finally,.both.anisotropy-.and.model-based.sensorless.techniques.are.explained.
Chapter.8.deals.with.the.theory.of.linear.neural.networks,.particularly.the.neural.EXIN.
family..Starting.from.the.adaptive.linear.neuron.(ADALINE).structure,.it.presents.more.
recent.and.performing.linear.neural.networks:.the.TLS.EXIN.neuron,.the.Ge-TLS.EXIN.
neuron,.the.MCA.EXIN.neuron,.and,.finally,.the.MCA.EXIN.+.neuron.
Chapter.9.covers,.first,.the.sensitivity.analysis.of.the.classic.flux.models.of.IM.drives.
versus.parameter.variations..It.then.presents.some.on-line.parameter.estimation.techniques. of. IMs. by. the. least-squares. (LS). technique,. including. both. unconstrained. and.
constrained.estimations..Finally,.it.shows.the.neural.self-.commissioning.of.IM.drives..
Chapter.10.deals.with.the.application.of.neural.adaptive.filtering.to.distributed.generation.(DG).and.active.power.filter.(APF).systems..The.ADALINE.design.criteria.for.the.
fundamental.frequency.extraction.and.the.harmonic.load.current.compensation.are.presented..The.stability.issues.of.the.entire.system.are.included..Experimental.verification. of.the.neural.approach.is.presented.in.comparison.with.classic.approaches..Chapter.11.
presents.some.applications.of.LS-based.techniques.to.speed.estimation.of.IMs..In.partic
ular,.the.following.neural-based.observers.are.presented.and.discussed:.the.MCA.EXIN.
+.MRAS.observer,.the.TLS.EXIN.full-order.Luenberger.adaptive.observer,.and,.finally,.
the.reduced.order.adaptive.observer..The.general.approach.of.this.book.is.presenting.ini
tially.the.theoretical.background.of.each.subject.immediately.followed.by.a.set.of.simu
lations.of.experimental.results.supporting.the.analytical.part..It.is.the.authors’.opinion.
that.the.presence.of.many.results.should.help.the.reader.in.understanding.better.the.
treated.theoretical.aspects.
How to Use This Book
This. book. can. be. used. in. different. ways,. depending. on. the. background. of. the. reader..
Instructors.for.undergraduate.students.can.use.Chapters.1,.2,.4,.5,.and.7.for.a.one-semester.
course.in.power.electronics.and.electrical.drives..Postgraduate.and.PhD.students.could.
also.cover.Chapters.3.and.6..Researchers.involved.in.applications.of.ANNs.to.power.elec
tronics.and.drives.would.find.it.more.interesting.to.go.through.Chapters.9.through.11..
Theoreticians.will.find.a.comprehensive.coverage.of.linear.neural.networks.in.Chapter.8..
Figure.P.1.suggests.different.paths.for.reading.this.book.
Chapter.1.should.be.read.first,.since.it.provides.the.basic.tools..The.power.electronics.path.
consists.of.Chapters.2,.3,.and.10..The.IM.drives.path.includes.Chapters.4.through.6.and 11.
(electrical.machine.approach).or,.alternatively,.Chapters.2,.5,.6,.and.11.(power.converter.
approach)..The.PMSM.drives.path.includes.Chapters.2.and.7.(or.directly.Chapter 7)..The.
IM.identification.path.includes.Chapters.4.and.9..Finally,.the.ANN.path.includes.Chapters.
8.through.11.
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